Learning management system Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Learning management system - Essay Example Educational and industrial applications are the most common classes of learning management systems. The educational learning management systems allow education institutions to manage several online courses with the use of an interface and set of resources. An academic learning management system is designed to provide instructor-led courses and facilitate forums as well as interactions between learners and instructors or fellow learners. Learners complete class assignments and turn them to markers or instructors for grades or feedback – which are reserved in a grade book within the learning management system. The learning institutions see the learning management system as either a system for information technology or academic affair. The major academic learning systems include e-learning courseware, personal learning environment, and course management system. These systems create a class roster, control registration processes, upload and manage documents with curricular content, and deliver course content through web-based interfaces. They also create and publish course cale ndars, and allow interactions and discussion forums (Tumbleson 22). In the business organizations, the learning management system forms an integral part of Human Resources especially in the management of the training delivered to employees. Such training may include the compliance training and professional development training to increase employees’ awareness and manage their talent and skills. The industrial learning management system delivers training modules that are not instructor-led and no discussion forums to allow interaction with others. The systems help to track users during the training and report which modules they have or not completed. They facilitate employees learning and skills development to ensure that they are certified and compliant with the current regulations. Further, the systems provide methods of testing and assessment,

Internal Controls Essay Example for Free

Internal Controls Essay The Company that held the most appeal and most overall steady growth of success was Amazon. com Inc. This company has had losses recently, but overall it has held firm among its management and profitability. The annual report for Amazon in the e-campus library showed phenomenal coverage for over the last fifteen years of reporting financials. In 2013, it has been ranked number 49 and the reason behind it is the technology factors of creating the Kindle Fire, which sold tremendously. The company’s earnings in 2013 has been in the billions. In 2012, the company made over $61 billion. That was a 27% increase due to the technology software that the smaller Kindle Fire introduced. Prime Instant Video Selection among Amazon which originated in 1998 has been steady with its growth. Now, as the Prime Video Selection makes its way into the spotlight within amazon. com for consumers, the results or profits are estimated to be outrageous for the company. Amazon. com not only has a company in the United States, but as well internationally. Electronic technology has allowed Amazon. com to start out as a small company and skyrocket and become a leading seller and company in America today. Digital media has expanded over 23 million people in television, books, and magazines. The company is doing exceptionally well. The company has over 88, 400 full time employees and shareholder numbers are at 3,075. ( University Library, Phoenix University XACC/210 May 29,2013 ) The company is an electronic shopping catalog type of business and its Internal Controls extend from management to data entry sophistication. I would think that since the website doesn’t give a precise use of how internal controls are conducted I would have to go with Enterprise Risk Management. This Internal Control is a type of software that links accounting and administrated functions into a total record keeping and reporting system that can be overlooked by management as well as the board of directors in that company. Often the board of directors, whose duty it is to oversee the ethical and commercial operations of a company and set policy, will access the ERM through their own intranet that allows them a secure online venue where they can review the companys books and operations, upload their own documents, make notes and discuss the company in private. Securities and Exchange Commission: Managements Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting and Certification of Disclosure in Exchange Act Periodic Reports) Overall I think that Amazon has good management internal controls pertaining to the type of business that it is. There are quite a few of employees, so management within this type of internal control can establish good reliability.

Philosophies Of Socrates, Plato, And Aristotle :: essays research papers

Philosophies of Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle The philosophies of Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle had different points of-view but they were also similar in some ways. For example, all three philosophers had their own thoughts on the subject of justice and government. Socrates belief on this matter was that democracy was an unwise form of government. He thought that the electing of the people was unfair justice. Plato had some of the same beliefs. He believed that government should only have rulers who had the intelligence and education appropriate for the matter. His thoughts were that a job should be done only by those who are best suited for it. To him aristocracy was a perfect form of government. The point of Socrate's philosophies were to make people think about the questions he would often ask. The reason for these questions being asked were to have people to their own thoughts and opinions toward life. He did not think a person with the right mind should follow the steps of their ancestors. Instead of going around asking questions, Plato, another philosopher, would write his own conversations with imaginerary people. These conversations would cover much of the same topics that Socrates had tried to cover earlier. These topics mostly dealt with life such as government, opinions toward justice and how people really viewed education. Aristotle also had his own theories towards his belief of the "right government". He wanted his results to show happiness among the people. He'd mainly collect information from studying living creatures and observing their living habits. He would do this so that he could see what brought them happiness. His opinion toward life was that all people should live a fair and happy life. After many attempts of forming the perfect government , his facts allowed him to believe that a perfect government could be formed only by those who have a middle class. The middle class would consist of those who were not rich yet not poor. Both Aristotle and Plato had different thoughts on the division of the government. Aristotle claimed to believe that a government should consist of many classes for the protection of the people and the state.

Production System

Production systems What is a production system? An apparel production system is an integration of material handling production process, personnel and the equipment that directs work flow and generates finished products. Different types of production systems are †¢ Progressive bundle system †¢ Unit production system †¢ Modular production system Each system requires an appropriate management philosophy, materials handling methods, floor layout, and Employee training. Firms may combine or adapt these systems to meet their specific production needs.Firms may use only one system, a combination of systems for one Product line, or different systems for different product lines in the same plant. Progressive Bundle System The progressive bundle system (PBS) gets its name from the bundles of garment parts that are moved sequentially from operation to operation. This system, often referred to as the traditional production system, has been widely used by apparel manufacturers for several decades and still is today. The expert says that use of bundle systems would decrease as firms seek more flexibility in their production systems [pic]Work flow in progressive bundle system Bundles consist of garment parts needed to complete a specific operation or garment component. For example, an operation bundle for pocket setting might include shirt fronts and pockets that are to be attached. Bundle sizes may range from two to a hundred parts. Some firms operate with a standard bundle size, while other firms vary bundle sizes according to cutting orders, fabric shading, size of the pieces in the bundle, and the operation that is to be completed. Bundles are assembled in the cutting room where cut parts are matched up with corresponding parts and bundle tickets.Bundles of cut parts are transported to the sewing room and given to the operator scheduled to complete the operation. One operator is expected to perform the same operation on all the pieces in the bundle, retie t he bundle, process coupon, and set it aside until it is picked up and moved to the next operation. A progressive bundle system may require a high volume of work in process cause of the number of units in the bundles and the large buffer of backup that is needed to ensure a continuous work flow for all operators. [pic] The progressive bundle systemThe progressive bundle system may be used with a skill center or line layout depending on the order that bundles are advanced through production. Each style may have different processing requirements and thus different routing. Routing identifies basic operations, sequence of production, and the skill centers where those operations are to be performed. Some operations are common to many styles, and at those operations, work may build up waiting to be processed. Advantages and disadvantages of using progressive bundle system AdvantagesThe success of a bundle system may depend on how the system is set up and used in a plant. This system may a llow better utilization of specialized machines, as output from one special purpose automated machine may be able to supply several operators for the next operation. Small bundles allow faster throughput unless there are bottlenecks and extensive waiting between operations. Disadvantages: The progressive bundle system is driven by cost efficiency for individual operations. Operators perform the same operation on a continuing basis, which allows them to increase their speed and productivity.Operators who are compensated by piece rates become extremely efficient at one operation and may not be willing to learn a new operation because it reduces their efficiency and earnings. Individual operators that work in a progressive bundle system are independent of other operators and the final product. Slow processing, absenteeism, and equipment failure may also cause major bottlenecks within the system. Large quantities of work in process are often characteristic of this type of production sys tem.This may lead to longer throughput time, poor quality concealed by bundles, large inventory, extra handling, and difficulty in controlling inventory Unit production system A unit production system (UPS) is a type of line layout that uses an overhead transporter system to move garment components from work station to work station for Assembly [pic] Work flow of unit production All the parts for a single garment are advanced through the production line together by means of a hanging carrier that travels along an overhead conveyor.The overhead rail system consists of the main conveyor and accumulating rails for each work station. The overhead conveyor operates much like a railroad track. Carriers are moved along the main conveyor and switched to an accumulating rail at the work station where an operation is to be performed. At the completion of an operation the operator presses a button, and the carrier moves on to the next operation. Most unit production systems are linked to a com puter control center that routes and tracks production and provides up-to-the-minute data for management decisions. The utomatic control of work flow sorts work, balances the line, and reduces claims of favouritism in bundle distribution. Electronic data collection provides payroll and inventory data, immediate tracking of styles, and costing and performance data for prompt decisions. Processing begins at a staging area in the sewing room. Cut parts for one unit of a single style are grouped and loaded directly from the staging area to a hanging carrier. Loading is carefully planned so minimal handling is required to deliver garment parts in precisely the order and manner that they will be sewn.When possible, operations are completed without removing the parts from the carrier. Varied sizes and types of hanging carriers are available for different types of products. Automated materials handling replaces the traditional system of bundling, tying and untying, and manually moving garme nt parts. Unit production systems eliminate most of the lifting and turning needed to handle bundles and garment parts. The need for bundle tickets and processing operator coupons is also eliminated when an integrated computer system monitors the work of each operator.Individual bar codes or electronic devices are embedded in the carriers and read by a bar code scanner at each workstation and control points. Any data that are needed for sorting and processing such as style number, color shade, and lot can be included. Integrated systems have on-line terminals located at each work station to collect data on each operation. Each operator may advance completed units, reroute units that need repair or processing to a different station, and check their efficiencies and earnings Operator may signal for more inventory or call for a supervisor if assistance is needed.The terminals at each station enables central control center to track each unit at any given moment and provide management wi th data to make immediate decisions on routing and scheduling. Operators of the UPS control center can determine sequences of orders and colors to keep operators supplied with work and to minimize change in equipment, operations, and thread colors. A unit production system can control multiple routes and simultaneous production of multiple styles without restructuring production lines. The control center may perform routing and automatic balancing of work flow, which reduces bottlenecks and work stoppages.Each operator as well as the control center is able to monitor individual work history. individual unit, number of units completed, the operator who worked on each unit, and the piece rate earned for each unit. The system will calculate the earnings per hour, per day, and the efficiency rate of each operator. Advantages: Benefits of a unit production system depend on how a system is used and the effectiveness of management. Throughput time in the sewing room can be drastically redu ced when compared to the progressive bundle system because works in process levels are reduced.Operator productivity increases. Direct labor costs are reduced because of propositioned parts in the carriers and elimination of bundle processing. Indirect labor costs may be reduced by elimination of bundle handling and requiring fewer supervisors. Quality is improved because of accountability of all operators and immediate visibility of problems that are no longer concealed in bundles for extended periods of time. The central control system makes it possible to immediately track a quality problem to the operator that completed the operation.Other benefits that are realized are improved attendance and employee turnover and reduced space utilization. Disadvantages: Considerations for installing a UPS include costs of buying equipment, cost of installing, specialized training for the system, and prevention of downtime. Down time is a potential problem with any of the systems, but the low work in process that is maintained makes UPS especially vulnerable. Modular Production System A modular production system is a contained, manageable work unit that includes an empowered work team, equipment, and work to be executed.Modules frequently operate as minifactories with teams responsible for group goals and self-management. The number of teams in a plant varies with the size and needs of the firm and product line. Teams can have a niche function as long as there are orders for that type of product, but the success of this type of operation is in the flexibility of being able to produce a wide variety of products in small quantities. The numbers of employees on a team, usually 4 to 15, vary with the product mix. A general rule of thumb is to determine the average number of operations required for a style being produced and divide by three.Team members cross-trained and interchangeable among tasks within the group. Incentive compensation is based on group pay and bonuses for meeting team goals for output and quality. Individual incentive compensation is not appropriate for team-based production. Teams may be used to perform all the operations or a certain portion of the assembly operations depending on the organization of the module and processes required. Before a firm can establish a modular production system, it must prioritize its goals and make decisions that reflect the needs of the firm.With a team-based system operators are given the responsibility for operating their module to meet goals for throughput and quality. The team is responsible for maintaining a smooth work flow, meeting production goals, maintaining a specified quality level, and handling motivational support for the team. Team members develop an interdependency to improve the process and accomplish their goals. Interdependency is the relationship among team members that utilizes everyone's strengths for the betterment of the team. Work flow in modular production system [pic]A Modu lar Production System operates as a Pull System, with demand for work coming from the next operator in line to process the garment. Wastage is normal, and workflow is continuous and does not wait ahead of each operation. This increases the potentials for flexibility of styles and quantities of products that can be produced. Teams usually operate as ‘Stand-up’ or ‘Sit-down’ units A module may be divided into several work zones based on the sequence of operations and the time required for each operation. A work zone consists of a group of sequential operations. Operators are trained to perform the operations in their work zone and djacent operations in adjoining work zones so they can move freely from one operation to another as the garment progresses Work flow within a module may be with a Single-piece hand-off, Kanban, or Bump- back system. If a single-piece hand-off is used, machines are arranged in a very tight configuration. As soon as an operation is co mpleted the part is handed to the next operator for processing. Operations need to be well balanced as there is usually only one garment component between each operation. Some modules may operate with a buffer or small bundle of up to ten pieces of work between operators.If a small bundle is used, an operator will complete the operation on the entire bundle and carry the bundle to the next operation. An operator may follow a component or bundle for as many operations as they have been trained or until the adjacent operator is ready to assume work on the bundle Advantages of a Modular Production System are: 1. ) High flexibility 2. ) Fast throughput times 3. ) Low wastages 4. ) Reduced Absenteeism 5. ) Reduced Repetitive Motion Ailments 6. ) Increased employee ownership of the production process 7. ) Empowered employees 8. ) Improved QualityDisadvantages of Modular Production System: 1. ) A high capital investment in equipment. 2. ) High investment in initial training. 3. ) High cost incurred in continued training Combinations of Production Systems Some firms may use the progressive bundle system for producing small parts Combined with modular production for garment assembly. This reduces the investment in specialized equipment and reduces the team size needed. Some industry consultants believe that a modular system combined with a unit production system provides the most flexibility, fastest throughput, and most consistent quality.This would be particularly useful for large items such as coveralls or heavy coats. The UPS would move the garment instead of the operators. Each manufacturer needs to determine what is best for its product line and production requirements. The another major and oldest production system followed in industry is TOYOTA PRODUCTION SYSTEM (TPS) Toyota production system [pic] History of (TPS) The production system developed by Toyota Motor Corporation to provide best quality, lowest cost, and shortest lead time through the elimination of waste.Development of TPS is credited to Taiichi Ohno, Toyota's chief of production in post-WWII period. Beginning in machining operation and spreading from there, Ohno led the development of TPS at Toyota throughout the 1950's and 1960's and the dissemination to the supply base through the 1960's and 1970's. Toyota Motor Corporation's vehicle production system is a way of â€Å"making things† that is sometimes referred to as a â€Å"lean manufacturing system† or a â€Å"Just-in-Time (JIT) system,† and has come to be well known and studied worldwide.Then, in 1924, Sakichi invented the world's first automatic loom, called the â€Å"Type-G Toyoda Automatic Loom (with non-stop shuttle-change motion)† which could change shuttles without stopping operation. The Toyota term â€Å"jido† is applied to a machine with a built-in device for making judgments, whereas the regular Japanese term â€Å"jido† (automation) is simply applied to a machine that m oves on its own. Jidoka refers to â€Å"automation with a human touch,† as opposed to a machine that simply moves under the monitoring and supervision of an operator. Since the loom stopped when a problem arose, no defective products were produced. This meant that a single operator could be put in charge of numerous looms, resulting in a tremendous improvement in productivity. [pic] Just in time `Just-in-time' is a management philosophy and not a technique.Just-in-Time† means making only â€Å"what is needed, when it is needed, and in the amount needed. † To efficiently produce a large number of products such as automobiles, which are comprised of some 30,000 parts, it is necessary to create a detailed production plan that includes parts procurement, for example. Supplying â€Å"what is needed, when it is needed, and in the amount needed† according to this production plan can eliminate waste, inconsistencies, and unreasonable requirements, resulting in imp roved productivity. Kanban system [pic] Kanban is a production system†¦ its a part of toyato production or lean manufacturing system†¦ Kanban is a Japanese word which means signal cards†¦. These cards are hung where ever required†¦ o only when this card indicated that the particular space is empty; the products are filled back in the tray†¦ This is a simple concept, but very effective. Kanban mainly focus on the reduction of overproduction. The is also interlinked with the Toyota production system In the TPS, a unique production control method called the â€Å"Kanban system† plays an important role. The Kanban system has also been called the â€Å"Supermarket method† because the idea behind it was borrowed from supermarkets. Supermarkets and mass merchandizing stores use product control cards on which product-related information, such as product name, product code, and storage location, is entered.Because Toyota employed Kanban signs in place o f the cards for use in production processes, the method came to be called the â€Å"Kanban system. † At Toyota, when a process goes to the preceding process to retrieve parts, it uses a Kanban to communicate what parts have been used. Here a Kanban system is used [pic] There are two kinds of Kanban †¢ Production instruction Kanban †¢ Parts retrieval kanban Cellular manufacturing What is cellular manufacturing? Cellular manufacturing, sometimes called cellular or cell production, arranges factory floor labor into semi-autonomous and multi-skilled teams, or work cells, who manufacture complete products or complex components.Properly trained and implemented cells are more flexible and responsive than the traditional mass-production line, and can manage processes, defects, scheduling, equipment maintenance, and other manufacturing issues more efficiently [pic] History Cellular manufacturing is a fairly new application of group technology, although the Portsmouth Block M ills offers what by definition constitutes an early example of cellular manufacturing. By 1808, using machinery designed by Marc Isambard Brunel and constructed by Henry Maudslay, the Block Mills were producting 130,000 blocks (pulleys) for the Royal Navy per year in single unit lots, with 10 men operating 42 machines arranged in three production flow lines. This installation apparently reduced manpower requirements by 90% (from 110 to 10), reduced cost substantially and greatly improved block consistency and quality.Group Technology is a management strategy with long term goals of staying in business, growing, and making profits. Companies are under relentless pressure to reduce costs while meeting the high quality expectations of the customer to maintain a competitive advantage. Successfully implementing Cellular manufacturing allows companies to achieve cost savings and quality improvements, especially when combined with the other aspects of lean manufacturing. Cell manufacturing systems are currently used to manufacture anything from hydraulic and engine pumps used in aircraft to plastic packaging components made using injection molding. Goals of cellular manufacturingThe goal of cellular manufacturing is having the flexibility to produce a high variety of low demand products, while maintaining the high productivity of large scale production. Cell designers achieve this through modularity in both process design and product design. Process design The division of the entire production process into discrete segments, and the assignment of each segment to a work cell, introduces the modularity of processes. If any segment of the process needs to be changed, only the particular cell would be affected, not the entire production line. For example, if a particular component was prone to defects, and this could be solved by upgrading the equipment, a new work cell could be designed and prepared while the obsolete cell continued production.Once the new cell is teste d and ready for production, the incoming parts to and outgoing parts from the old cell will simply be rerouted to the new cell without having to disrupt the entire production line. In this way, work cells enable the flexibility to upgrade processes and make variations to products to better suit customer demands while largely reducing or eliminating the costs of stoppages. Product Design Product modularity must match the modularity of processes. Even though the entire production system becomes more flexible, each individual cell is still optimised for a relatively narrow range of tasks, in order to take advantage of the mass-production efficiencies of specialisation and scale.To the extent that a large variety of products can be designed to be assembled from a small number of modular parts, both high product variety and high productivity can be achieved. For example, a varied range of automobiles may be designed to use the same chassis, a small number of engine configurations, and a moderate variety of car bodies, each available in a range of colors. In this way, a large variety of automobiles, with different performances and appearances and functions, can be produced by combining the outputs from a more limited number of work cells. In combination, each modular part is designed for a particular work cell, or dedicated clusters of machines or manufacturing processes.Cells are usually bigger than typical conventional workstations, but smaller than a complete conventional department. After conversion, a cellular manufacturing layout usually requires less floor space as a result of the optimized production processes. Each cell is responsible for its own internal control of quality, scheduling, ordering, and record keeping. The idea is to place the responsibility of these tasks on those who are most familiar with the situation and most able to quickly fix any problems. The middle management no longer has to monitor the outputs and interrelationships of every single worker, and instead only has to monitor a smaller number of work cells and the flow of materials between them, often achieved using a system of kanbans

Examine Sociological Theories Essay

Examine sociological theories that explain the ethnic dimension to crime and deviance (21 marks) Recent statistics show that black people are five times more likely to be in prison than whites. Ethnic groups are heavily over represented in prisons. Waddington et al investigated whether ethnic groups were targeted by the police and whether they were treated unfairly. Waddington et al concluded that these ethnic minorities were stopped and searched more because they were out on the street at the time. His research could be criticised because he only interviewed the police, he didn’t interview the groups that were treated by the police. This would result in the police possibly lieing and saying that they treat the black people just as equally as they treat white people. Phillips and Bowling would disagree with Waddington et al as they believe that the over policing of ethnic neighbourhoods creates resentment. After the death of Stephen Lawrence the McPherson report stated that poor black areas were over policed but under protected. This would again back up Phillips and Bowling and their theory of over policing in poor black areas. This angers the people in these poor areas because of the fact that the police are only targeting them for certain crimes such as drugs. The report states that they will randomly pick on a working class black male rather than someone else for a stop and search as they believe these people are more likely to be holding drugs. This leaves the rest of the people under protected because the police aren’t concentrating on other crimes such as robbery or assault. Skolnick believes that most police stereotype the young black male as being a typical offender. He says that these stereotypical beliefs come from the ‘canteen culture’ and it is this belief that backs up Phillips and Bowling, as they would say that this belief would lead to the over policing in the poor black areas. Drabble investigated whether black people were treated unfairly in the courts. He found that blacks were more likely to be charged with more serious forms of offence than whites, whites were more likely to be cautioned whereas blacks were more likely to be prosecuted. This is evidence of institutional racism mentioned in the McPherson report. Hood found that black people were more like to receive custodial sentences even though other punishments such as fines and community service were available alternatives. Fitzgerald researched ethnic minority street crime in London. He interviewed young ethnic minority offenders and their mothers and found that the higher the levels of deprivation in an area, the higher the levels of crime. It is a statistic that Afro Caribbean households are more likely to be headed by lone parent families, which then results in higher crime in the family. This links in with Charles Murray who said that lone parent families would result in higher chances of failure at score and therefore higher chances of them turning to crime. It also links in with left realism and Jock Young and John Lea’s theory of relative deprivation. They say that people commit crime when they feel deprived, the media stresses the importance of economic goods and some will turn to crime to get these goods. They also say marginalisation is a reason for the increase in crime because of young black men are made to feel on the edge of society with nobody to stand up for them, this causes frustration and resentment which leads to crime being committed. These reasons then cause an increase in subcultures or gangs and therefore an increase in crime. All of these researchers could be criticised as they reinforce stereotypes of the young black male as well as not looking at white, middle class crime. This would then link in with Marxism and the fact that the upper class are being treated more fairly with crime they commit than the lower class.

Academic Essay Writing †Flies at a Picnic

Academic Essay Writing – Flies at a Picnic Academic essay writing does not have to be a struggle if you understand the ingredients and the process. You cant avoid them just like flies at a picnic, they buzz around you, disturbing your peace, and making you frustrated and a bit angry. Unlike flies, you cant swat them, spray them, or try to ignore them. You just have to bite the bullet and get them done. And one of the most frustrating parts about those essay assignments, is that they are required in every course, and you are graded on your writing skill along with the content you present. Here you will learn how to make your academic essay writing a little easier, with a process that works and some extra tips to help along the way. The Ingredients of All Essays Every time you set out to write an essay, you first have some questions to answer: 1. To you have a topic that is appropriate for the assignment? Sometimes the topic is assigned; sometimes, you have options within a broader topic area; and sometimes you have complete freedom to choose your own. Make sure that your topic fall within the parameters of the assignment. If you are supposed to write an essay on something related to the Civil War, for example, and it is to be no longer than 3 pages, you obviously are not going to cover all of the major battles of the War. Maybe you can pick one or two. 2. You must have a focus. Often this is called a thesis. So, why are you writing this essay? What is important about the topic? How would anyone else benefit from this information or opinion you are going to give? All academic essays must have a thesis, and that thesis must be provide in your introduction. 3. You must define your audience. Of course your audience is your instructor, but often essays are shared within a class, so assume that your audience is also your peers. 4. Your piece must reflect sound organization. How will you organize the information or points of view that you will present? Usually, this is accomplished by some type of outline or other graphic organizer. Find one that works for you and the topic and use it. 5. Does your topic require research? If so, you will need to plan time to get that research done, probably before you develop a thesis or organize the presentation. Structure of an Academic Essay You know all about introduction, body, and conclusion, and this basic format for writing an academic essay will never change. But try thinking about these three elements a bit differently. Ask these questions: 1.How can I get my reader interested in this topic? (Introduction) 2. How can I keep my reader interested and give information that s/he will find unique and/or useful? (Body) 3. How can I leave my reader with some new insight, some recommendations, some call to action or some questions to ask him/herself? (Conclusion) Asking these questions will allow you to think just a bit differently than you have in the past. The Science of How to Write an Academic Essay Here is the process for constructing your essay, once you have the topic identified. 1 Research what you need to in order to have the information you need to be a bit of an expert on the topic or to support an opinion you are presenting. 2. Organize your thoughts into sub-topics that will be the paragraphs of your essay. If you are struggling with this, there is a simple solution. You can read sample essays on the same topic all over the web do not lift these essays. Use them as models for how information is sequenced and presented. 3. Make a least an informal structure of the sequence in which you will cover your sub-topics and the details of those sub-topics. 4.Write the rough draft of the body, then add the introduction and conclusion they both flow easier if you do it this way. 5. Watch your language academic essay writing is formal unless otherwise indicated by your instructor. There is no room for slang. 6. Grammar and composition skills if you are not skilled in this area, accept it. Get some help and dont be ashamed to do so. You may be a math or physics whiz but not a skilled writer. Its okay. Academic writing may not be your great joy its not for lots of students. But if you answer the questions, follow the steps, and use these tips, you will get better grades.

Tula de Hidalgo (Mexico) Toltec Capital City of Tollan

Tula de Hidalgo (Mexico) Toltec Capital City of Tollan The archaeological ruins of Tula (known as Tula de Hidalgo or Tula de Allende) are located in the southwestern part of the Mexican state of Hildalgo about 70 kilometers (45 miles) northwest of Mexico City. The site is located within the alluvial bottoms and adjacent uplands of the Tula and Rosas Rivers, and it lies partially buried beneath the modern town of Tula de Allende. Based on extensive ethnohistorical research by Wigberto Jimenez-Moreno and archaeological investigations by Jorge Acosta, Tula is considered the likely candidate for Tollan, the legendary capital of the Toltec Empire between the 10th and 12th centuries AD. In addition, Tulas construction bridges the Classic and Postclassic periods in Mesoamerica, during the period when the power of Teotihuacan and the southern Maya lowlands were fading, to be replaced by political alliances, trade routes and art styles at Tula, and at Xochicalco, Cacaxtla, Cholula and Chichà ©n Itz. Chronology Tollan/Tula was established during the Epiclassic period, about 750 AD as a fairly small town (ca 3-5 square kilometers or 1.2-1.5 square miles), as the Teotihuacan empire was crumbling. Colonial (after 1550 AD)Late Postclassic (1230-1550 AD)Early Postclassic (900-1230)Epiclassic (750-900) During the height of Tulas power, between AD 900 and 1100, the city included an area of some 13 sq km (5 sq mi), with an estimated population perhaps as high as 60,000. Tulas architecture was set in a large diversity of environments, from a reedy marsh to adjacent hills and slopes; within this varied landscape are hundreds of mounds and terraces, representing residential structures in a planned city scape, with alleys, passageways and paved streets. The heart of Tula was its civic-ceremonial district, called the Sacred Precinct, a large open quadrangular plaza surrounded by two L-shaped buildings, as well as Pyramid C, Pyramid B and the Quemado Palace. The Quemado Palace has three large rooms, sculpted benches, columns and pilasters. Tula is justly famed for its art, including two interesting friezes worth discussing in detail: the Coatepantli Frieze and the Vestibule Frieze. Coatepantli Frieze The Coatepantli Frieze (Mural of the Serpents) is the best known piece of art work at Tula, believed to date to the early Postclassic period. It is a carved into a 2.2 meter (7.5 foot) high free-standing wall running for 40 m (130 ft) along the north side of Pyramid B. The wall seems to channel and restrict pedestrian traffic on the north side, creating a narrow enclosed passageway. It was named coatepantli, which is the Aztec (Nahuatl) word for serpent, by excavator Jorge Acosta. The Coateplantli Friese was made from slabs of local sedimentary stone carved in relief and brightly painted. Some of the slabs were borrowed from other monuments. The frieze is capped by a row of spiral-shaped merlons; and its facade shows several reclining human skeletons intertwined with serpents. Some scholars have interpreted this as a representation of the feathered serpent in pan-Mesoamerican mythology, called Quetzalcoatl; others point to the Classic Maya Vision Serpent. (see Jordan for some interesting discussion). The Frieze of the Caciques (a.k.a. the Vestibule frieze) The Vestibule Frieze, while lesser known than that of the Coateplantli, is no lest interesting. It is a carved, stuccoed and brightly painted frieze that illustrates a line of ornately dressed men walking in a procession, located on the interior walls of Vestibule 1. Vestibule 1 itself is an L-shaped colonnaded hall that links Pyramid B with the main plaza. The hallway had a sunken patio and two hearths, and 48 square pillars supported a roof. The frieze is on a nearly square bench, measuring 94 centimeters (37 inches) high by 108 cm (42 in) wide in the northwest corner of Vestibule 1. The frieze itself is 50 cm x 8.2 m (19.7 in x 27 ft). The 19 men shown in the frieze have been interpreted at various times as local chiefs (caciques), priests or warriors, but based on the architectural setting, composition, costumes and color, these figures represent merchants, people who were engaged in long-distance trade. Sixteen of the 19 figures carry staffs, one appears to wear a backpack, and one carries a fan, all elements associated with travelers (see Kristan-Graham for more). Sources This article is a part of the About.com guide to the Toltec Civilization, and the Dictionary of Archaeology. Castillo Bernal S. 2015. El Anciano Alado del Edificio K de Tula, Hidalgo. Latin American Antiquity 26(1):49-63. Healan DM, Kerley JM, and Bey GJ. 1983. Excavation and Preliminary Analysis of an Obsidian Workshop in Tula, Hidalgo, Mexico. Journal of Field Archaeology 10(2):127-145. Jordan K. 2013. Serpents, skeletons, and ancestors?: the Tula Coatepantli revisited. Ancient Mesoamerica 24(02):243-274. Kristan-Graham C. 1993. The Business of Narrative at Tula: An Analysis of the Vestibule Frieze, Trade, and Ritual. Latin American Antiquity 4(1):3-21. Ringle WM, Gallareta Negron T, and Bey GJ. 1998. The return of Quetzalcoatl: Evidence for the spread of a world religion during the Epiclassic period. Ancient Mesoamerica 9:183-232. Stocker T, Jackson B, and Riffell H. 1986. Wheeled figurines from Tula, Hidalgo, Mexico. Mexicon 8(4):69-73. Stocker TL, and Spence MW. 1973. Trilobal Eccentrics at Teotihuacan and Tula. American Antiquity 38(2):195-199.

Gastropod Fast Facts

Gastropod Fast Facts The class Gastropoda includes snails, slugs, limpets, and sea hares; the common name for all of these animals is gastropods. Gastropods are a subset of mollusks, an extremely diverse group that includes over 40,000 species. A seashell is a gastropod although this class contains many shell-less animals as well. Fast Facts: Gastropods Scientific Name: GastropodaCommon Name(s): Snails, slugs, limpets, and sea haresBasic Animal Group: InvertebrateSize: From .04–8 inchesLifespan: 20–50 yearsDiet:  Carnivore or HerbivorePopulation: UnknownHabitat: Oceans, waterways and terrestrial environments of all sorts worldwideConservation Status: Most are Least Concern, at least 250 are extinct, and many others Near Threatened or Endangered. Description Examples of gastropods include  whelks, conchs, periwinkles, abalone,  limpets, and  nudibranchs. Many gastropods  such as snails and limpets  have one shell. Sea slugs, like nudibranchs and sea hares, do not have a shell, although they may have an internal shell made of protein. Gastropods come in a wide variety of colors, shapes, and sizes. Gastropods with one shell use it to hide in. The shell is usually coiled  and may be left-handed or sinistral (spiraled counter-clockwise) or right-handed or dextral (clockwise). Gastropods move using a muscular foot. Due to torsion, a behavior in which the gastropod twists the top of its body 180 degrees with respect to its foot as they grow, adult gastropods are asymmetrical in form. The class of gastropods belongs to the Animalia kingdom and the Mollusca phylum. fotandy/Getty Images   Habitat and Distribution Gastropods live just about everywhere on Earth- in salt water, fresh water, and on land. In the oceans, they live in both shallow, intertidal areas and the deep sea. On land, they are in wet marshy environments to deserts, from shorelines and beaches to the mountaintops. The complexity of a given habitat, whether on sea or shore or mountaintop, positively affects the density and richness of the gastropods found within it. Diet and Behavior This diverse group of organisms employs a wide range of feeding mechanisms. Some are herbivores and some are  carnivores. Most feed using a radula, a bony structure of tiny teeth used for scraping food off a surface. The whelk, a type of gastropod, use their radula to drill a hole into the shell of other organisms for food.  Food is digested in the stomach. Because of the torsion process, the food enters the stomach through the posterior (back) end, and wastes leave through the anterior (front) end.   Annika Bornheim / EyeEm / Getty Images Reproduction and Offspring Some gastropods have both sexual organs, meaning that some are hermaphroditic. One interesting animal is the slipper shell, which may start out as a male and then change to a female.  Depending on the species, gastropods may reproduce by releasing gametes into the water, or by transferring the males sperm into the female, who uses it to fertilize her eggs. Once the eggs hatch, the gastropod is usually planktonic larvae called a veliger, which may feed on plankton or not feed at all. Eventually, the veliger undergoes metamorphosis and forms a juvenile gastropod. All young (larval stage) gastropods rotate their body as they grow, resulting in the placement of the gills and anus above the head. Gastropods have adapted in a variety of ways to avoid polluting their breathing water with their own wastes. Threats Most gastropods on earth are listed by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) as Least Concerned. However, there are many exceptions, such as the Xerocrassa montserratensis, a terrestrial gastropod that lives in shrublands and mountain peaks in Spain and is listed as endangered by fires and fire suppression and recreational activities. Well over 200 species are listed as extinct by the IUCN; many others, particularly freshwater and terrestrial species, are listed as endangered. Sources Aktipis, S.W. et al. Gastropoda: an overview and analysis. Phylogeny and Evolution of the Mollusca. Eds. Ponder, W. and D.L. Lindberg. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2008. 201–237.Auld, J. R., and P. Jarne. Sex and Recombination in Snails. Encyclopedia of Evolutionary Biology. Ed. Kliman, Richard M. Oxford: Academic Press, 2016. 49–60.  Beck, Michael W. Separating the Elements of Habitat Structure: Independent Effects of Habitat Complexity and Structural Components on Rocky Intertidal Gastropods. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 249.1 (2000): 29-49.Frà ½da, J. Fossil Invertebrates: Gastropods. Reference Module in Earth Systems and Environmental Sciences. Elsevier, 2013.  Martà ­nez-Ortà ­, A. Xerocrassa montserratensis. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2011: e.T22254A9368348, 2011.

Ethics Panel for Post-Graduates Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Ethics Panel for Post-Graduates - Essay Example ict between the patients experience and nurses assessment of the pain will be used to help formulate a better framework for pain assessment in patients. (For example, outline of research methodology, what information/data collection strategies will you use, where will you recruit participants and what approach you intend to take to the analysis of information / data generated) Due to the subjectivity of pain experience a qualitative method will be used for this study, which seeks to provide a perception of how or why things are as they are. It means that the gathered primary research information will have come from different sources of personal and professional experiences. Data will be collected through a one on one semi-structured interview of nurses and patients. This is only fitting considering that Hancock (1998) relates that data collection in a qualitative research involves direct encounters with individuals through one to one interviews. In-depth interview allows intensive exploration of a topic with someone who has had related experiences. Open-ended questions will be used during the interview. This is in contrast with close-ended questions which may limit further exploration of the participants’ experiences. Typically the recommended sample for grounded theory is about 20 to 30 participants (Polit & Beck, 2006). Determining the sample size depends on the quality and richness of the data. This research will aim to involve 20 nurses and 20 patients. Once ethical approval is gained, the researcher will send a formal letter to the hospital administration in Kuwait and to the surgical unit supervisor or manager requesting permission to recruit patients and staff from the hospital. Once the approval is attained, the researcher will then proceed to place a notice in the surgical ward which will invite volunteers from among surgical nurses and patients who are willing to take part in the research or those who are readily available to become participants of

Studies in Interpersonal Communication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Studies in Interpersonal Communication - Essay Example The same applies to preaching in different denominations. In order for the sermon to be effective, the congregants should show a desire to listen to what the preacher is saying. It can be observed that those who listen well are likely to gain more information from the people speaking at a particular period. Basically, communication is primarily concerned with creating meaning from the messages passed from the sender to receiver and this is possible if the parties involved are willing to listen to each other. The other important aspect about listening is that it creates mutual benefits to the parties involved in the communication process. It is suggested that listening to feedback from others helps us to understand what is being said and correct any misunderstanding that may arise (Burley-Allen , 169). In interpersonal communication, deception is very common. â€Å"Deception can vary from blatant lies to indirect actions such as exaggerations and false implications† (Hopper & Bell, 1984 as cited in Stewart, Zediker. & Witteborn, ND, p. 330). It can be noted that deception can be either intentional or unintentional. However, the controversy about deception is that some people believe that some motives of deception are positive while others are of the view that it â€Å"is always damaging to the relationship (Stewart, Zediker. & Witteborn, ND, p. 329). There are various implications of deception on interpersonal communication. People often use deception for personal gain and some individuals often view it as honest lying. In order to gain something, people choose to deceive others so that they can gain the special favour. However, even this action can be good to the other party, it is viewed as damaging to the other party. This brings out the controversy where there is lack of general agreement about deception for it being good or bad. The interactive

The Lemon Tree Dilemma Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The Lemon Tree Dilemma - Assignment Example Mary accuses Jackie of the leak of the formula solely because she thinks that Jackie is questionable ethically due to her sex change and therefore can easily double cross. Jackie’s remarks about Mary would make her credibility questionable. She makes personal comments aimed at Mary and even accuses her of having an affair with Paul. That demonstrates that she has hard feelings against Mary and could possibly do anything to get back at her. On his part, Peter has drug issues. He has failed two drug tests and that would jeopardize his credibility. The use of drugs would easily affect Peter’s performance and he is likely to be careless while under the influence of the drugs. That would be a major concern to the employer as it may lead to a bigger problem for the company. Jackie’s sex change should not form part of the reasons to question her credibility. That is because it was a personal choice and is in no way related to her work. Using it would amount to discrimination. Her complaint against Mary to the company’s compliance department should also not influence her treatment as it would also amount to discrimination. On the other hand, missing work for three months without notice would constitute a possible reason for

Marketing Research Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6000 words

Marketing Research - Coursework Example The Supply chain is now an integral part of the manufacturer base. It is very important to avoid cancelled orders or penalties for late delivery. Process Flow: A logical process flow has been created. This details the outline steps required, to act as a basis for the design of the final version of the Supply Chain model we are going to ultimately recommend. Transportation: It is necessary to develop a transportation technique which will be able to process the predicted supply by the year 2020. This will depend on the forecasting of demand, which at times can be unpredictable. Effective Supply Chain Management: This is closely related to shareholder value. Effective supply chaining management is required, alongside global sourcing strategies to capitalise on the potential margins emerging currently in emerging markets. Product Decline in Oil Industry: The evidence indicates that products of the Oil industry in the immediate future will be handled in declining quantities, but at greater costs. This needs to be addressed via the Supply Chain protocols we intend to instigate. 3rd Party Sourcing of Supplies/Services: The recent trend has been to outsource supplies and services. This can cause problems when there are disruptions to service. Effective Supply Chain Management will enable identification of critical tasks, and the interdependencies with suppliers, in order to provide swift resolution to problems and pre-empt possible future problems in order to avoid them. Supply Chain Leadership: The effectiveness of the supply chain is only as good as the management and control of the service. Technological changes are not in themselves, enough to provide effective and efficient throughput. The greater benefits are

Anlysising the hole in the wall story Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Anlysising the hole in the wall story - Essay Example This meant that the husband would take a break from his university lecturing job so as to relocate (Barrett 4). What depressed mostly falls under the state at which they lived in Brooklyn. The state portrayed the â€Å"living in the projects†. This meant that some appliances were not in proper shape, no hot water and no means to prepare meals; hence they showered in public pools and ate at local restaurants. They had no television, no mail boxes; no telephone lines; no lightings in the restroom and many thousand other things. A remorseful trickle of power flowed through an orange annex cord linked from a neighboring house (Barrett 7). At the stroke of eight, each morning, the diverse people came and started working loudly everywhere immediately. In conclusion, the significance of the hole in the wall portrays itself where the house had a large hole that the industry next to it could be seen clearly through the hole when seated in the house. This was a sign of abject poverty as the house that had a hole was next to an industry, the aspect of poverty was so severe that the industry and all activities that were conducted in it could be seen as one sat in the

Company law Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Company law - Case Study Example tors of Made in Wales (MIW) of refusing to buy the land only for them to allow Lisa to buy the land and then resell it to the firm at a much high profit margin, the officers are liable and the firm as a whole was liable. However, considering that the person who is suing the firm one of the shareholders, the liability in this case will not be on the firm but the directors. However, since Derek was not directly involved and he had not been attending board meetings, he may be exempt from this. Derek was not officially aware of this transaction and therefore from a legal point of view, he is not at default. Part (b) of section 82 also outlines that a person guilty of such an offence is can be prosecuted and given the punishment hat is in line with his or her offence. However, it also provides that for continued contravention, a daily default fine may apply. However, even though Derek had not attended any meeting, and was not involved in the transactions that led to MIW being in trouble, he still bears some responsibility as a director. In Re Hydrodam (Corby) Ltd [1994] 2 BCLC 180, the court made a decision, which showed what a shadow director is. This could be useful a court of law to implicate him. Section 197 outlines that for a company to give loans it requires members approval (Van Duzer, 2007). Subsection 1 of this section outlines that company may not (a) make a loan to a director or (b) give a collateral or provide security for a loan given to any of its directors director by any person or party. The section however gives an exception such as when such a transaction when the shareholders of the company have given an approval by a resolution. Section 209 however outlines that for money-lending companies, such an approval does not have to be there as long as the loan is through the correct procedure that would be in place when giving a loan to any other customer. In such a case, the do require would not be getting the loan or the security to a loan as a director

Anlysising the hole in the wall story Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Anlysising the hole in the wall story - Essay Example This meant that the husband would take a break from his university lecturing job so as to relocate (Barrett 4). What depressed mostly falls under the state at which they lived in Brooklyn. The state portrayed the â€Å"living in the projects†. This meant that some appliances were not in proper shape, no hot water and no means to prepare meals; hence they showered in public pools and ate at local restaurants. They had no television, no mail boxes; no telephone lines; no lightings in the restroom and many thousand other things. A remorseful trickle of power flowed through an orange annex cord linked from a neighboring house (Barrett 7). At the stroke of eight, each morning, the diverse people came and started working loudly everywhere immediately. In conclusion, the significance of the hole in the wall portrays itself where the house had a large hole that the industry next to it could be seen clearly through the hole when seated in the house. This was a sign of abject poverty as the house that had a hole was next to an industry, the aspect of poverty was so severe that the industry and all activities that were conducted in it could be seen as one sat in the

MARKETING ISSUE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

MARKETING ISSUE - Essay Example These products cut an edge over the competitors in the value of technology used. Apple Company identifies whether or not it is effective in developing new products, and what impacts they have on the market. For example, this has been done through the inclusion of improvised features that the competitors have yet to develop. An example is the use of iMessage, and iCloud, which allows the users to save data through its cloud computing services. The data may include music files and video footage for download to multiple devices (Fifield, 2007). This innovative feature gives them an edge over rivals such as Motorola, Nokia, and BlackBerry. Moreover, the company has gone ahead to use intellectual rights on the product. This includes patent rights. It right protects the product from being used by other competitors or from competitors developing a similar product. For the company to acquire a large market share and increase their sales, the company has emphasized on the use of this technique of innovation to its current market status (Schnaars,

Educational Paradigms Essay Example for Free

Educational Paradigms Essay Paradigms are ways of thinking or getting things done. As time passes and new concepts evolve, the way things are being done or implemented begin to undergo significant changes. Paradigms are continually shifting and this is unavoidable. For example, prior to the beginning of the information age, education could only be achieved by physically seeking admission and going through manual registration processes before one could be considered a student. The situation has changed today. Most of these processes may now be achieved online, as is the case with American Intercontinental University (AIU). A new educational paradigm has been ushered in as a result of technological advancements (Riegle, n. d. ). Which paradigm best describes your current learning organizational environment? Why? Provide an example. The ideal paradigm is the one that favours the emergence of standard practices, improved methodologies, and a range of resources that help to establish benchmarks and develop instructional strategies that give students the opportunity to learn properly and reap the benefits of education optimally. American Intercontinental University (AIU) provides an online educational system that offers increased accessibility to students from the convenience of their homes. This is accomplished through the use of up-to-date technological devices, software programs, internet connection, and computers. Since technology has turned the world into a global village, the educational paradigm is gradually shifting from the use of traditional classrooms to an online learning system. This learning platform has necessitated the need for an interactive method of learning to supplement the lecture materials, sample essays and the numerous resources that are made available to students to facilitate their learning process. For example, Instructional strategies that involve the use of chat rooms, discussion groups, emails, forums or message boards are employed to achieve learning. How does your organizational paradigm affect your assessments and measurement of student learning? AIU strives to balance learning strategies by adopting principles of various learning theories and applying them to instructional design and students’ assessment. The University presents materials to students in formats that they can easily understand, usually in the form of video, audio, presentations, and other related methods. Measurement of student learning is achieved through the evaluation of students’ participation in group activities, discussion groups, learning teams, chat rooms, and ability to use concept maps, mnemonics or organizers to reflect their knowledge of concepts. This is in support of the Cognitivism theory which states that it is important to understand how the human mind works so that we can understand how students learn (Learning Theories Knowledgebase, 2008). Assessment of learning is also done by giving students home work, assignments or group projects so that they can learn through their own activities and personal experiences. This is a very important paradigm at AIU since most of the learning activities take place online. Students are encouraged to learn through simulation, exploration and active participation in message boards and various projects assigned to them. This method of assessment is in agreement with the constructivism theory which states that knowledge is imbibed through active participation and engagement of the learner. The theory asserts that for knowledge to be retained, it is important to link new concepts with familiar concepts (Learning Theories Knowledgebase, 2008). On a personal level, which paradigm do you feel most represents your own views of education and assessment? Even though technology has its numerous benefits and offers students various opportunities of convenience and ease of use, traditional learning methods should also be sustained because each style of learning has its own benefits. It’s important to maximize the advantages of each learning style so that optimal results may be achieved. In consonance with the theory of behaviorism, good performance should always be rewarded with praise, awards or any other form of recognition to encourage the students, while the undesired behavior (bad performance) may be rewarded by holding back such rewards (Learning Theories Knowledgebase, 2008). This ensures that individual performances in learning are immediately observed and weak points are focused on for possible improvement. By balancing the learning theories and employing the use of best practices in administering lectures to students, learning can indeed become an enhanced and exciting experience. References Learning Theories Knowledgebase. (2008). Index of Learning Theories and Models. Retrieved September 25, 2008 from http://www. learning-theories. com Riegle, R. P. (n. d. ). Educational Paradigms. Visionary Leadership for the Information Age. Retrieved September 26 from http://people. coe. ilstu. edu/rpriegle/wwwdocs/paradigm/welcome. htm

College Essay: If You Could Meet Anyone, Who Would It Be And Why - Pol :: essays research papers

College Essay: If You Could Meet Anyone, Who Would It Be and Why - Polonius of Hamlet Polonius, father of Laertes, in William Shakespear's Hamlet, strikes me as someone exceptional. In the first act, he gives advice to his son who is departing on a journey. Polonius's advice guides me in almost every aspect of my life. I would like to talk with Polonius to gain more insight on life. Along with other advice, Polonius delivers one of te most famous quotes from Hamlet: "To thine own self be true." Polonius's quote helps me make tough decisions. Such an occasion arises when I have weighed the advantages and disadvantages of a choice, and they are equal. When faced with this situation, I ask myself, "would I be true to myself if I..." For example, I am temperate, and do not participate in certain activities harful to me such as drinking or doing drugs. Occasionally, others try to influence me to drink. Sometimes, I am tempeted; however, I know that I would not be true to myself if I submitted. I realize drinking is not somthing I want, nor is it in my best interest. Being true to myself involves acting in accordance with my values. Imust conduct myself like a gentleman and use proper etiquette for te given situation. Thus, the quote acts as a reminder for me to act properly. The next few lines are "and it must follow as the day the night, / thou canst not then be false to any man." By acting like a gentleman, I can assure muself that I will not harm nor create conlict with many people. For example, I remain calm in situations that most people would become upset and swear. Then, I am in a better position to deal with the would-be conflict. Next, Polonius covers many aspects of life. He tells us how to choose and treat friends, as well as rules for listning and speaking. We are told not to lend or borrow items becase "for loan oft loses both itself and friend," meaning one will end up losing a friend as well as what he lent "Be thou familiar but by no means vulgar" tells us to understand things that are immoral, but not to

Holden Caufield vs Robert Frost :: essays papers

Holden Caufield vs Robert Frost Holden Caulfield, from J.D. Salinger’s The Catcher In The Rye, and Robert Frost, in his poem â€Å"Nothing Gold Can Stay† have very similar views on certain prospects of life. Frost shows the same perspective as Holden Caulfield. For example, both Caulfield and Frost want beautiful thing to last forever. They both protest the mutability of time. Lastly, they both want to hold on to innocence. In short, you could say that both Holden Caulfield and Robert Frost have a desire to be a â€Å"catcher in the rye†. Both Frost and Caulfield have the desire for beautiful things to last forever. Holden Caulfield recalls a time when he and Jane were younger, they would be playing checkers, and Jane would refuse to move her kings from the back row. It wasn’t any kind of a strategy, nor was it for any particular reason, besides the reason that Jane just happened to like the way they look back there. â€Å"She wouldn’t move any of her kings. What she’d do, when she’d get a king, she wouldn’t move it. She’d just leave it in the back row. She’d get them all lined up in the back row. Then she’d never use them. She just liked the way they looked when they were in the back row.† (Salinger, 31-32)Another example is when Holden is watching Phoebe go around and around on the carousel. He sees this moment as a beautiful thing that he wants to preserve. Robert Frost has the same idea when he says â€Å"Nature’s first green is gold, her hardest hue to hold†. He’s saying that this first green of nature is so beautiful, but there is no way to hold on to it no matter how much you’d like to. Both Caulfield and Frost protest the mutability of time. In Holden’s case, he enjoys going to the museum because it never changes. Everything has to stay the same. Holden likes how a single beautiful moment can be encapsulated behind glass, thus preserved forever. At the museum, a single moment is unaffected by time. Time stands still inside the walls of the museum. Year after year he can go back to the museum and he only thing that has changed is him. When Frost says that a â€Å"leaf subsides to leaf†, he’s describing how time passes and the leaves fall.

Life is amazing Essay

Happiness, sorrow, victory, defeat, day-night are the two sides of the me . Similarly life is full of moments of joy, pleasure, success and comfort apointed by misery, defeat, failures and problems. There is no human being on Earth, strong, powerful, wise or rich, who has not experienced suffering or failure. Life is beautiful but not always easy, it has problems, too, and the challenge lies in facing them with courage, letting the beauty of life act like a balm, which makes the pain bearable, during trying times, by providing hope Happiness, sorrow, victory, defeat, day-night are the two sides of the me coin. Similarly life is full of moments of joy, pleasure, success and comfort punctuated by misery, defeat, failures and problems. There is no human being on Earth, strong, powerful, wise or rich, who has not experienced, struggle, suffering or failure. No doubt, life is beautiful and every moment – a celebration of being alive, but one should be always ready to face adversity and challenges. A person who has not encountered difficulties in life can never achieve success. Life is beautiful but not always easy, it has problems, too, and the challenge lies in facing them with courage, letting the beauty of life act like a balm, which makes the pain bearable, during trying times, by providing hope Happiness, sorrow, victory, defeat, day-night are the two sides of the me coin. Similarly life is full of moments of joy, pleasure, success and comfort punctuated by misery, defeat, failures and problems. There is no human being on Earth, strong, powerful, wise or rich, who has not experienced, struggle, suffering or failure. No doubt, life is beautiful and every moment – a celebration of being alive, but one should be always ready to face adversity and challenges. A person who has not encountered difficulties in life can never achieve success. Life  is beautiful but not always easy, it has problems, too, and the challenge lies in facing them with courage, letting the beauty of life act like a balm, which makes the pain bearable, during trying times, by providing hope. Read more:  Life is Not the Bed of Roses Essay

Language and reason as ways of knowing Essay

Knowledge is also said as ‘ways of knowing’. It means ‘information and skills acquired through experience and education’. The acquisition of knowledge is done by three main factors; perception, language and reason. In this essay we sought to see the strengths and limitations of those learning approaches. Let’s take an example, how do we know that in a bottle, labeled crystal, there is water? We would use this example to explore the three cases. Perception is the way of taking messages and processing it by the brain to obtain meaningful information. Using the example above, we would do anything possible to conclude that what we are consuming from the bottle is water. That is we would observe, smell, taste, etc. We can see that we use our senses to identify the substance. We would observe the bottle, its labeling (name, ingredients etc.), colour of the substance and advertisement on the substance; we would smell the substance and even taste it (this would be last because we fear it might be harmful). All this shows that using our senses, we can identify objects and moving organism; this is the major strength of perception (immense knowledge is gained). Another point would be upon losing one of the senses; we are able to intensify the others, which help us even more in detection but surplus always comes with its difficulties. Subliminal perception is the way trying to identify objects with the memory only, for example a patient may not remember someone’s name but seems to know that person, and thus that patient tries to associate a name that goes well with that person that he/she declares to be unidentifiable. The problem is that even with our senses, we are limited in perception and it’s very frustrating to know how little we know. Sometimes our senses may deceive us, we may see the substance transparent but it is not necessarily water but another liquid. We can have perceptual illusions where we believe an object to have a specific shape but actually differs from what we have thought of. We may also have hallucination, we may feel, see, hear, taste and smell something when there is really nothing of such kind. We also tend to conclude on the very first bit of information received as we have been in such situation before (experience). Language is a method of communication which involves a sender, a message and a receiver to express thoughts. It was developed by humans and when using it, the rules were grammar and the symbols were words. The advantage of this method of learning is that it’s very simple (user-friendly) to use and every person in the world uses it. So communication is easy, thus enriching the ability to acquire knowledge. The greatest advantage is that there are many ways to communicate the thought, therefore enabling people to understand in a way or other. Using the example above, we can give important information, express what we feel and enquire about the substance in the bottle and also in different ways so that all the people involved can understand. There are also seven functions of language, which guides us to where each piece of information acquired can be classified. Despite language having a strong face of learning, it still has its disadvantages. The example above, the bottle of supposedly water, we have used our senses to identify it but without language it is impossible to give the facts, views etc correctly and even harder to communicate the information in different ways; some people uses too many words to explain only a word(can be a different language). Also different people have different views and not all will agree on what one has said about the substance. Reason is a way to justify what we have acquired as knowledge based on previous experiences. If we cannot do so, therefore we have not gained any knowledge. Taking the above example again, we say if that substance is water because it’s tasteless; we say so because we have heard, read and experimented on water. The strength of reasoning would be the rationality and logic arguments. Rationality is what allows us to say things that do make sense, we will not say that the substance in the bottle is water because of the shape of the bottle; it does not make sense. The rationality of a statement shows how the processing of all the information acquired is done and says whether it’s â€Å"good† or not (there is really a bad reason as long as a person can justify it). Being logical depends on the argument put forward as example given above. To be logical, the deductive argument must be correct and validate the argument; this differentiates between a â€Å"good† reasoning and â€Å"bad† reasoning, using above example, 1) all liquid that is pH 7 is water and the substance in the bottle is of pH 7, thus the substance in the bottle is water (this a valid deductive argument) . But sometime the arguments may be valid but does not sound, all substances that are colourless are harmless and the substance in the bottle is colourless, therefore it’s harmless (concentrated hydrochloric acid is also colourless but is very harmful).  To conclude knowledge gained through perception, language and reason is a great advantage to us, human beings but often can be deceptive and invalid. We should be more careful when taking in information, processing, expressing and justifying it. Here again we see that they are all linked!

An International Marketing Management Commerce Essay

International Marketing Management assignment gave me the chance to larn and research on this interesting subject. I have some cognition already about that how companies enter into new markets and how they capture and attract new markets but this chance helped me to cognize more about how companies go globally with the aid of available different market entry schemes and expand their concerns.Part-1Discuss the normally held belief that there is no individual market entry scheme which is appropriate in all fortunes.Different market entry schemes available throughout the universe depend which state you are. There are different methods and processs geographically, the nature of the concern is besides the chief point and particularly the worth and compatibility between two or more involved parties. The celebrated good known market entry scheme regulations are same globally. Companies ever go for different market schemes to come in to new markets it ‘s non possible to follow the same market entry scheme for all concerns and for all organisations. When any company plans to come in in other abroad market there are assortment of options available for companies but it involves really high costs, hazard and takes long clip to detect and take concluding measure to acquire in. The simplest and the traditional entry scheme is exporting utilizing both ways direct or indirect methods such as agent or an intermediary individual. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.fao.org/docrep/w5973e/w5973e0b.htm Further below I have mentioned and explained the market entry schemes which are normally followed by organisations to come in to abroad and international markets. There are following schemes largely used by big, SMEs and fabrication companies which are: Licensing Exporting Foreign Direct Investment Joint Venture & A ; Alliances Franchising Mergers & A ; Acquisition Green Field StrategyGreen Field StrategyA green field scheme is to come in into a new market without the aid of another concern who is already at that place. An acquisition is the antonym of a green field entry.ExportingExporting is described as the selling and the gross revenues of local manufactured goods in abroad which is traditional and good cognize established method to capture abroad markets. The advantage is that in exporting it is non required that the specific merchandise must be produced in the mark state, during exporting no foreign investing is required but the disbursals and costs involves for exporting and holding a good concern is that exporter demands to pass on selling.LicensingThe proprietor of any trade name or the company who holds the rights and they give the permission to utilize rights against money in order to selling those different merchandises to the universe by different parties. These sorts of merchandises are largely intangible and non possible to copy by others because of hallmarks, patents and merchandise techniques. The licensee is the individual who pays to acquire rights of utilizing license rights. Licensing is good for licenser and licensee both earns good net incomes but there is hazard for licenser if the licensee does n't maintain the criterions and good quality controls because this will damage the image of trade name.Joint VentureJoint venture is a celebrated term and we have many illustrations in our practical life. It helps companies to turn like one plus one is equal to three. When same nature of concern articulations and work together it assist a batch and opportunities of positive results addition. The aims involved in joint venture are: Market Entry Risk/Reward Sharing Technology Sharing Joint Product Development Skills & A ; cognition sharing Conforming authorities ordinances Few issues are thinkable before go for joint ventures like ownership, contract length, control, pricing, engineering transportation and resources.Foreign Direct Investment ( FDI )Foreign Direct Investment is investing which you can do straight in any state but different things includes before you go for FDI like regulations & A ; ordinances, permissions, transportation of capital, forces and engineering. FDI can go on with the aid of constitution of the new endeavor or may be through the acquisition of an bing entity. Direct ownership helps to hold a good control in the operations, competitory environment and to better cognize the consumers. A good illustration of FDI is Euro Disney when Walt Disney had a challenge to construct Disney park in Europe they chose the foreign direct investing.Mergers & A ; AcquisitionMerger word merely explains the assemblage of something. Mergers is concern word is when different companies manus shingle and promise to work together called amalgamations. One plus one is equal to three, this sentence is rather celebrated in amalgamations state of affairs. It works to make stockholder value over and above that Sun of the two companies. After unifying the worth of both companies is more valuable than two separate entities. There is somewhat difference between amalgamations and acquisition. When a company takes over other company and go a new proprietor it is called as acquisition and when two companies ‘ merges and work together is called amalgamations. A good illustration of meeting is YouTube amalgamations with google.com.FranchisingFranchising is a method of utilizing successful available concern theoretical accounts. Franchisor gives permission to Franchisee to utilize the rights of that concern theoretical account. With the aid of that theoretical account franchisee sells and markets the merchandises and services. It ‘s more like to hold distribution of specific hallmark and the franchisee pays in return what services and merchandises they use in their concern. Very good illustrations of franchise in today universe are McDonalds, Burger King, KFC, Subway and New York Pizza. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.quickmba.com/strategy/global/marketentry/ hypertext transfer protocol: //www.magnetsigns.com/franchising.php hypertext transfer protocol: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Market_entry_strategy hypertext transfer protocol: //www.investopedia.com/university/mergers/mergers1.asp Above mentioned different market entry schemes help different concerns to turn but it depends on the nature and size of the concern besides. This is really of import how large or little is the company and how much it deserving. Different types of houses are: Different types of houses constructions fundamentally used which are called, Small & A ; Medium Enterprises, Manufacturing, Services Based, and Multinational corporations or Global houses.Small and Medium EnterprisesSmall and medium endeavors ( SMEs or Small & A ; Medium Buisness ) are the companies who have limited turnover and below certain bounds. This term is widely used in EU and in international organisations such as UN and WTO. This term is predominately used in USA and Canada. Traditionally in EU it was different and they had their ain definitions bit non they have standardized the construct. e.g.. Companies with less than 10 employees called micro, companies holding employees less than 50 called little and 250 employees as medium.Manufacturing FirmManufacturing house can be from any industry which produces merchandises from natural stuffs utilizing labour land, machines and capital. In other manner fabricating house is a company who assembles goods into finished signifier for terminal users to carry through their demands. Fabrication houses can be automotive, vesture, electronics, furniture, machinery, steel, crude oil merchandises and tools etc. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.answers.com/topic/manufacturingService Based FirmAny services based house is a concern that provides installations and work attempts for the others and charges them for these services and most of the times the services based houses provides their services harmonizing to contract footings. Netherlands is the really good illustration of supplying services, they supplying their accomplishments and techniques worldwide. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.answers.com/topic/business-service-firmMultinational CorporationsMultinational Corporation is a house that has its installations, operations and assets in at least one state other than its place state. This type of house has offices and mills in different parts of the universe. One caput office in center of all and from their control and instruct planetary direction. Above I have explained and mentioned besides when its utile to utilize which market entry scheme and for what type of an organisation. But there is something else besides really considerable issue like before come ining to any market demand to mensurate degree of hazards, political hazard, fiscal, civilization factors and geographic distance. Plague is used to mensurate different hazards and larn how its possible to get by that hazards. But I have used a revised version called PESTLE analysis which is more suited in this instance:PESTLE AnalysisPESTLE stands for â€Å" Political, Economic, Sociological, Technological, Legal and Environmental † factors. Its utile tool to understand the state of affairs of any market and larn good before you step in to that market it helps to hold a clear position for your concern. The possible inquiries for any house are: What are the cardinal political factors likely to impact the industry? What are the of import economic factors? What cultural facets are most of import? What technological inventions are likely to happen? What current and at hand statute law may impact the industry? What are the environmental considerations?AAPoliticalCurrent revenue enhancement policy Future revenue enhancement policy The current and future political support Grants, support and enterprises Trade organic structures Consequence of wars or declining dealingss with peculiar statesEconomicOverall economic state of affairs Strength of consumer disbursement Current and future degrees of authorities disbursement Ease of entree to loans Current and future degree of involvement rates, rising prices and unemployment Specific revenue enhancement policies and tendencies Exchange ratesSociologicalDemographics Lifestyle forms and alterations Attitudes towards issues such as instruction, corporate duty and the environment Social mobility Media positions and perceptual experiences Cultural and spiritual differencesTechnologicalRelevant current and future engineering inventions The degree of research support The ways in which consumers make purchases Intellectual belongings rights and right of first publication violations Global communicating technological progresssLegalLegislation in countries such as employment, competition and wellness & A ; safety Future statute law alterations Changes in European jurisprudence Trading policies Regulative organic structuresEnvironmentalThe degree of pollution created by the merchandise or service Recycling considerations Attitudes to the environment from the authorities, media and consumers Current and future environmental legislative alterations hypertext transfer protocol: //www.marketingminefield.co.uk/marketing-plan/pestle-analysis.htmlPart-2Franchising is the common method of come ining services markets abroad. What is the particular attractive force of International franchising to both spouses? What is franchising? Franchising is a signifier of entrepreneurship. Harmonizing to Shane and Hoy ( 1996, p 325 ) there have been surveies about entrepreneurship, but the country of franchising has stayed rather undiscovered. There are many things that make franchising particular compared to other signifiers of entrepreneurship. Franchising can be described as a strategic cooperation between two parts – the franchiser and the franchisee. They are runing under the same company name every bit good as utilizing an indistinguishable concern thought and a concern construct. The franchiser is the chief proprietor of the concern construct and the company name and licences the right of utilizing these further to the franchisee against certain fees and royalties. The franchiser normally has a contract with several franchisees at the same clip. ( Shane and Hoy, 1996, p 325 & A ; 326 ) . Franchising is a popular concern format in the retail concern ( Kaufmann and Dant, 1999, p 11 ) . In 2003, 43 per centum of all franchising activities in Finland took topographic point in retail concern ( see figure 1 on the following page ) . This is 76 per centum of the registered franchising ironss wholly. ( The Finish Franchising Association, 7.7.2006 ) Franchising can be really attractive to franchisees since many franchisi ng companies offer and even necessitate much cooperation along the manner. In comparing to a pure entrepreneurship, with franchising relationship the new franchisee is provided with a complete and tried concern thought, established hallmark and aid with startup. In add-on, the franchisee gets supplier price reductions every bit good as support from experienced subdivision and market experts through a web of other franchisees and company employees. ( Franchisenet, 7.7.2006 ) This said, the franchisee gets multiple competitory advantages compared to pure enterprisers on the concern ( Kaufmann and Dant, 1999, P 1112 ) . For the licensee, the negative side of franchising is that the franchisee is bind to obey the general understanding, which is normally really rigorous. Therefore the franchisee has an highly limited freedom to run. ( Franchisenet, 7.7.2006 ) For the franchisee the relation can be said to be something between a regular payjob and pure entrepreneurship and is frequently a measure in passage from the former to the latter. Franchising is a manner to pattern entrepreneurship. In a franchising relationship the franchisee is the proprietor of his ain concern but is still connected to a bigger organisation and being supervised. It has to be noted, though, that the franchisee is the one bearing the fiscal hazards of the concern. However, since franchising companies normally select their franchisees carefully the hazard for neglecting in this concern is less important than in the pure entrepreneurship. ( Kaufmann and Dant, 1999 ) More information about franchising and franchising chances can be found in following web pages: www.franchiset.net, www.franchising.org and www.franchising.com. Professionals of Franchising, how it helps franchisee to derive capital and how it allows houses to spread out fundamentally utilizing the possible franchisees ain capital.Opportunities of SuccessThe opportunities of success are high when you are holding franchise sort of concern because you do concern of that merchandises and services which are worldwide celebrated, proven and recognized. Its easy to see how successful franchising and this sort of concern are ever expand and turn really fast, franchising usher you through the whole procedure of concern and usher you with their experiences and makes you successful besides by independent concern. In short in franchising the opportunities of success are ever high.Avoid Start up MistakesFranchising helps you and do really easy to star up your franchise, this is truly helpful and salvage you from initial which largely happen when you start new concern. But while franchising the experts already experienced that sort of hurdlings so they k now really good how to salvage your ego from loses and hazard while get downing new concern at new location.Brand AwarenessThis is the large great impact for you when you buy any constituted local, national, international or planetary trade name, you do n't necessitate to make selling battles because people are already cognizant of that brands gustatory sensation and cognize good the value. Franchisee enjoys the name acknowledgment and the big familiar company associated with you.Product and Service AcceptanceFranchise contains standard merchandises and provides the same criterion merchandises to their all franchisees ; due to the extremely established standard the merchandises are extremely acceptable. This is a large benefit of client consciousness which usually takes ling clip to construct this sort of trust for your clients.Mugwump but non entirelyTo be franchise proprietor is a great thing because you do n't necessitate to worry that much, you work hard but on the other manus t he franchisor squad helps you a batch to construct your concern strong. You get fiscal security for your household, earn more money and all is yours after paying other costs. This franchising web reduces your hazard and allows you to bask the success of that clip what you have word hard.Training and SupportFranchisor provides besides different preparation Sessionss and different sort of support at each measure where you face any job. These preparation and support helps to be successful in your concern and salvage you in future signifier dearly-won errors and cut down hazards for you at all degrees.Peer to peer networkingPeer to peer networking give you entree to the web of concern proprietors who are in the same concern and have experienced and sing the state of affairs which you might confront besides. So this networking helps each others how to acquire rid from different difficult times and jobs. Its great advantage and invaluable chance for proprietors.Buying PowerIt involves the economic systems of graduated table the franchisor maintain criterion and purchase merchandises from good known and trusted provider where they can answer they will hold the same gustatory sensation and size of merchandises ever. The franchisor ever have good and high degree relationships with providers and providers besides cares a batch because of holding large purchasers for their merchandises. In the same manner the franchisor provides the good value of goods to their franchises and clients.Ongoing DevelopmentDevelopment in any concern is really of import otherwise companies do n't last for long clip. Better criterions, working conditions ; add new engineerings and accomplishments are really of import. Another advantage for the franchisee is that franchisor provides the costs for these sort of developments and seek their best with the aid of their development squads to procure the hereafter of the concern. It a large support for single and these supports are really supportive a nd sufficient to merchandise development.Fiscal SupportIf fiscal support is needed and you are in concern with a recognized and good cognize franchisor it will assist you to acquire finance really easy. Because the loaners believe that you are linked with a good web concern and they can trust and experience less hazard to impart money if the concern is a portion of the well structured concern theoretical account and system.Company Wide ConnectionsIf you clients demands occupation and you are non able to supply or assist so there are still possibilities to utilize your franchises web and that will assist you to happen the needed demands. They try their best to assist you and happen similar concern for you.Individual Roles with Common GoalsEvery concern major jail is net income if there is non net income than no concern besides. Franchisees aim is to run a profitable concern and grow with seeable alterations and back up the franchisor concern systems and to give more value to trade na me. Oppositely franchisor has to give a healthy leading and clear ends to assist franchisees to turn and protect the trade name. This common apprehension and aid physiques trade name stronger.Deriving a Competitive EdgeBusiness gets competitory border with the aid of sharing resources, accomplishments and cognition.Selling your BusinessFirst there are really few opportunities that a franchisee would wish to sell because they want to lose a fixed sort net incomes and a good concern. But sometimes it happens proprietors came in fiscal job and decided to sell. Whenever you decide to sell a franchise it is attractive and likely to sell really fast at higher monetary value.Working together is Smart and FunWorking together in squads and with common apprehension is great and large merriment besides. Franchise provides people chance and opportunities to run their egos independently. Gives more bravery and experience free to work and utilize their divine ideas. This is because of the big org anisation regulations criterions and good relation of employees. Some disadvantages of franchising and hazard involved for franchisee.To follow a systemAll Franchises have their ain concern theoretical accounts and they operate and require their franchisees besides to follow the the same concern theoretical account in all state of affairs and there is no flexibleness in that instance. If person found pretermiting the regulation and ordinances of that theoretical account they will penalized. The processs, regulations and ordinances vary between franchise concerns.FeesThe franchise is bound to pay for the initial colony and franchise fees, preparation, selling and other costs which incurred during puting up new franchise.Trading AreaBefore you get settled franchises the franchisee provide a feasibleness study and inquire for the permission to hold concern at coveted country or location. If they accept so you can continue farther otherwise you need to subject a new location program.RestrictionsMany limitations involved besides which bound the franchi see to take different actions. Franchisee non allowed to purchase merchandises or services from any station, there is listed and recognized provider which you can utilize to purchase needed merchandises. You can non sell straight your concern you need a permission of franchisor and so you can take farther stairss to sell your concern.ControlsYou need to command on regular bases and the squad of from franchisor is sent on a regular basis besides for controls. If they found any irresponsibility and lack you can be in large job and it non acceptable at any cost because this sort of sloppiness amendss the trade name image and concern. Franchising is spread outing rapidly in developing states besides and it ‘s good to both parties. It provided occupations and the trade names proprietors gaining money and turning their name worldwide. There are some hazards involved besides for investors and the trade name proprietors which I described above. Franchises get engineering, accomplishments and concern transportation in their states and it helps to better state economic system. The local concern attempt to copy that concern theoretical account but they are non allowed to make 100 per centum but still they do it increase competition but still the universe recognised trade names have more penchant among clients that why franchisee take hazard of investing.